Plant Pathol J > Volume 32(6); 2016 > Article |
ID* | Vitis species (cultivar) | Crown GI (%) | Crown GD (mm) | Crown GSI† | Response type‡ |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
DVIT 2199 | V. hybrid (Kyoho) | 85.7 | 13.3 ± 4.9 a§ | 4.46 a | SS |
DVIT 1385 | V. flexuosa | 85.7 | 9.6 ± 3.6 ab | 4.29 a | SS |
DVIT 1159 | V. coignetiae | 72.7 | 5.6 ± 1.4 bc | 2.57 ab | SR |
DVIT 1156 | V. amurensis | 62.5 | 4.6 ± 1.5 bc | 2.55 ab | SR |
DVIT 1095 | V. vinifera (Flame SDS) | 57.1 | 4.4 ± 1.4 bc | 2.38 ab | SR |
DVIT 2540 | V. hybrid (Black Rose) | 54.5 | 6.6 ± 2.3 bc | 2.36 ab | SR |
DVIT 1886 | V. riparia | 37.5 | 5.3 ± 2.1 bc | 1.50 b | RR |
DVIT 2191 | V. rotundifolia | 23.1 | 6.2 ± 2.7 bc | 1.13 b | RR |
DVIT 1399 | V. acerifolia | 18.8 | 5.0 ± 2.2 bc | 0.73 b | RR |
DVIT 1595 | V. rupestris | 25.0 | 4.5 ± 0.5 c | 0.69 b | RR |
Values are presented as number or mean ± standard deviation of 11-22 replications depending on Vitis species.
* National Clonal Germplasm Repository ID, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Davis, CA, USA.
† GSI = GI × GD index that was 0 = 0.0 (no gall), 1 = GD of 0.1-1.5 mm, 3 = GD of 1.5-5.0 mm, 5 = GD of over 5.0 mm (Ferreira and van Zyl, 1986).
Compound class* | No. of metabolites | Metabolite names† |
---|---|---|
Alkaloids | 2 | Nornicotine, xanthosine |
Amines, amino acids | 28 | Ethanolamine, phenylethylamine, putrescine, spermidine, 4-aminobutyric acid, 5-hydroxynorvaline, alanine, asparagine, aspartate, β-alanine, citrulline, glutamine, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, O-acetylserine, ornithine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, trans-4-hydroxyproline, tryptophan, tyrosine, valine |
Carbohydrates | 37 | 1,2-anhydro-myo-inositol, arabitol, β-gentiobiose, cellobiose, dehydroascorbic acid, fructose, fructose-6-phosphate, galactinol, galactose-6-phosphate, galactosylglycerol, glucoheptulose, glucose, glucose-1-phosphate, glucose-6-phosphate, hexitol, hexose-6-phosphate, inositol-4-phosphate, levoglucosan, maltose, maltotriose, mannose-6-phosphate, melezitose, methyl hexopyranoside, mucic acid, myo-inositol, N-acetyl-D-galactosamine, n-acetyl-d-hexamine, N-acetylmannosamine, pentitol, raffinose, ribonic acid, ribose, sucrose, threonic acid, trehalose, xylose |
Carboxylic acids | 41 | 2,3-dihydroxybutanoic acid, 2-deoxytetronic acid, 2-hydroxyglutaric acid, 3,4-dihydroxy-benzoic acid, 3,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid, aconitic acid, alpha-ketoglutarate, arachidic acid, benzoic acid, cis-caffeic acid, citramalic acid, cyanoalanine, erythronic acid lactone, ferulic acid, fumaric acid, galactonic acid, luconic acid, glutaric acid, glyceric acid, glycolic acid, heptadecanoic acid, hexaric acid, isocitric acid, isohexonic acid, lactic acid, malic acid, mannonic acid, montanic acid, nicotianamine, nicotinic acid, oxalic acid, pelargonic acid, phosphopyruvic acid, pipecolinic acid, pyruvic acid, quinic acid, salicylic acid, shikimic acid, succinic acid, tartaric acid, xylonic acid |
Flavonoids | 3 | Catechin, epicatechin, gallocatechin |
Lipids | 13 | Capric acid, cerotinic acid, dodecanol, isothreonic acid, lauric acid, lignoceric acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, octadecanol, oleic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, triacontanol |
Others‡ | 10 | Adenosine, uracil, uridine, phenol, pyrogallol, β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, resveratrol, alpha-tocopherol, gamma-tocopherol |
Total | 134 |
* Compound classes from PubChem (https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) and EMBL-EBI Ontology Lookup Service (http://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols/index).
Stage | Metabolite* | Component class | Relative abundance (× 10−3)† | ||
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Response type‡ | |||||
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RR | SR | SS | |||
Pre | Cellobiose | Carbohydrate | 24.12 ± 8.73x§ | 15.65 ± 6.21y | 24.07 ± 12.28xy |
Post 1 | Asparagine | Amino acid | 13.57 ± 11.62y | 13.75 ± 13.68y | 36.99 ± 27.64x |
Gallocatechin | Flavonoid | 1.85 ± 1.47y | 7.28 ± 9.69y | 28.33 ± 28.29x | |
Glutamine | Amino acid | 11.09 ± 6.53xy | 7.75 ± 6.54y | 29.13 ± 19.42x | |
Histidine | Amino acid | 20.72 ± 28.01xy | 8.60 ± 8.96y | 45.31 ± 24.35x | |
Tyrosine | Amino acid | 3.55 ± 1.60y | 2.85 ± 2.18y | 8.47 ± 5.21x | |
Sucrose | Carbohydrate | 400.92 ± 103.56x | 464.78 ± 185.92x | 236.49 ± 220.86y | |
Cellobiose | Carbohydrate | 14.32 ± 5.71y | 12.15 ± 7.10y | 27.42 ± 10.66x | |
Resveratol | Stilbenoid | 38.49 ± 27.99x | 10.03 ± 10.57y | 17.31 ± 11.72y | |
Post 2 | Cellobiose | Carbohydrate | 12.71 ± 5.27y | 15.19 ± 11.98y | 34.22 ± 14.65x |
Gallocatechin | Flavonoid | 1.85 ± 2.45y | 1.54 ± 1.51y | 74.00 ± 49.95x | |
Quinic acid | Carboxylic acid | 9.89 ± 3.92y | 12.83 ± 11.95xy | 20.15 ± 14.62x | |
Post 3 | Valine | Amino acid | 53.79 ± 13.65x | 30.05 ± 9.82y | 48.35 ± 16.77xy |
Xylonic acid | Carboxylic acid | 5.83 ± 3.27x | 2.54 ± 0.99y | 2.61 ± 0.77y | |
Sucrose | Carbohydrate | 117.41 ± 104.02y | 323.42 ± 149.42x | 209.32 ± 153.81xy |
GC-MS, gas chromatography mass spectrometry; Pre, 2 days before inoculation; Post 1, 2 days after inoculation; Post 2, 7 days after inoculation; Post 3, 30 days after inoculation.